3.4.1.4
Range is found from horizontal velocity multiplied by total time
Projectile Motion — AQA A-Level Physics
- Horizontal velocityThe rate of change of displacement. A vector quantity. Measured in m s⁻¹. is constant (no horizontal accelerationThe rate of change of velocityThe rate of change of displacement. A vector quantity. Measured in m s⁻¹.. A vector quantity. Measured in m s⁻².), so: $Range = u \cos(\theta) times$ total time of flight.
- For a symmetric trajectory, substituting the total time gives $R = u^2 \sin(2theta) / g$.
- Maximum range occurs at $\theta = 45 degrees (since \sin 90 = 1)$.
$$R = \frac{u^2 \sin 2\theta}{g}$$
- $R$: range (m)
- $u$: initial speed (m s⁻¹)
- $θ$: angle of projection
- $g$: accelerationThe rate of change of velocityThe rate of change of displacement. A vector quantity. Measured in m s⁻¹.. A vector quantity. Measured in m s⁻². due to gravity (m s⁻²)
Examiner Tips and Tricks
- The range equation $R = u^2 \sin(2theta)/g$ is only valid when the launch and landing heights are the same.
- For asymmetric cases (e.g. launched from a cliff), solve horizontal and vertical components separately.
Related:Kinematics